How can I cite and reference ideas I obtained from personal communication?
Answer
Personal communications include emails, personal interviews, live speeches, reports/documents from staff intranet, unrecorded class lectures, letters, online bulletin boards, and so on.
These are works that cannot be recovered by readers and therefore, they are not included in the reference list; they are cited in the text only.
Narrative Citation:
Initials. Surname (personal communication, Month Date, Year). e.g., R.E. Shaw (personal communication, June 9, 2019) ....
Parenthetical citation: (Initials. Surname, personal communication, Month Date, Year) e.g., ... (T.S. Kahu, personal communication, May 12, 2019).